• Summarize new technologies to facilitate optimization of refractive outcomes in patients undergoing cataract surgery
• Describe concepts to achieve better IOL calculation accuracy
• Apply new knowledge for IOL choice in different clinical situations

• Assess the efficacy of plasma exchange for optic neuritis
• Identify factors that predict good or poor outcomes for optic neuritis

• Identify/summarize ocular and systemic complications from Fabry Disease
• Apply new knowledge to relevant clinical exams to aid in diagnosis of this life-threatening disease

• Review differences between adult and pediatric anatomy
• Describe management in pediatric vitreoretinal surgery as it relates to anatomy differences
• Summarize common testing in pediatric retinal diagnosis and management
   
• Describe outcomes of Descemet stripping endothelial keratoplasty (DSEK) in eyes that were re-grafted for failed penetrating keratoplasty (PK) or DSEK

• Recognize the features of Marcus-Gunn Jaw Winking Syndrome (MGJWS)
• Describe the pathophysiology of MGJWS
• Determine appropriate management upon diagnosing MGJWS
   
• List common differentials for optic neuropathy
• Recognize when to refer for testing for a genetic cause of optic neuropathy
• List clinical and diagnostic characteristics of Maple Syrup Urine Disease associated optic neuropathy

• Identify the clinical history, fundus examination, and imaging findings associated with AMN
• Recognize the association of COVID-19 infection with Acute Macular Neuroretinopathy (AMN)
   
• Describe concepts related to micro-volume delivery of topical ophthalmics
• Apply new knowledge to relevant clinical situations

• Evaluate torsional movements during indirect ophthalmoscopy
• Incorporate dynamic ocular torsion into clinical diagnosis
• Alter clinical management accordingly
   
• Identify the signs and symptoms of Horner’s syndrome and how they may be distinguished from pseudo-Horner’s syndrome
• Formulate an appropriate workup for a patient presenting with anisocoria and ptosis. 

• Recognize clinical features of blepharochalasis syndrome
• Establish differential diagnoses for eyelid edema 
   
• Identify the most common mutations in Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome
• Summarize ocular and non-ocular phenotypes in Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome
• Describe a comprehensive, interdisciplinary care plan for patients with Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome

• Cite the incidence rate of ophthalmic related injuries from dog bites in Olmsted County, Minnesota
• Identify potential risk factors for bites injuries to the ocular, periocular, and facial regions
   
• Estimate the likelihood of eye injuries in children and the most common resultant diagnoses
• Identify common mechanisms and circumstances surrounding eye injuries in children

• Distinguish the unique capabilities of the light adjustable lens to improve cataract surgery refractive outcomes
• Recognize the typical clinical course for patients receiving cataract surgery with light adjustable lenses
• Identify the impact of a patient’s unadjusted light adjustable lens on unrelated and emergency Ophthalmologic care

• Identify/summarize/describe concepts related to clinical eye care
• Apply new knowledge to relevant clinical situations

The Effect of Head Turn On Visual Fields
Tyler Kaplan, MD

High Refractive Error and Ocular Morbidity
Timothy Olsen, M.D.
Recorded 7.25.22

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• Describe how head turn can affect 60-4 visual fields
• Demonstrate the effect of facial anatomy on 60-4 visual field results
• Describe how to minimize the impact of facial anatomy on visual fields
   
• Identify/summarize/describe concepts related to clinical eye care
• Apply new knowledge to relevant clinical situations

• Identify the types of periocular and intravitreal corticosteroids that can be used to treat non-infectious uveitis and macular edema
• Discuss the efficacy of a long duration intravitreal corticosteroid implant in the treatment of uveitis and macular edema
   
• Describe potential treatment options for children with myopia progression
• Recall recent clinical trials aimed at studying treatment of myopia progression

Trends in the Clinical and Research Roles of Female Physicians in Thyroid Eye Disease
Kerri McInnis-Smith

History Case Study
Prashant D. Tailor, M.D.
Recorded 7.11.22

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• Recognize temporal trends in the proportion of female authorship of thyroid eye disease (TED)-related publications
• Summarize trends in sex-based disparities in female membership in TED-related ophthalmologic societies
• Relate the above findings to the clinical care of female patients with TED
   
• To review the diagnosis, and management of KLHL11 encephalitis
• To describe the associated systemic manifestations of KLHL11

Does Wearing a Mask Worsen Dry Eye Disease?
Barbara Tylka, O.D.
Recorded 6.13.22

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• Define meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)
• Define mask associated dry eye (MADE)
• Review first line MGD treatment options 1. warm compress 2. Lid wipes
• Review second line mGD treatment options 1. Lipiflow 2. iLux 3. IPL

• Identify risk factors for graft dislocation following DSEK surgery
• Describe how temporary graft fixation sutures may prevent graft dislocation in the setting of complex anatomy
• Summarize current findings regarding the efficacy of DSEK graft fixation sutures among patients at high risk for graft dislocation
   
• Understand importance of EVP in glaucoma
• Understand the effect of body position on EVP

• Describe the presentation and variants of ICE syndrome
• Distinguish ICE Syndrome from other corneal disease
   
• Describe the common presenting features of thyroid eye disease (TED)
• Identify red-flag features that suggest an alternative diagnosis to TED

• Summarize the changes in climate the earth has undergone in the last few decades
• Identify the role that ophthalmology plays in carbon emissions and describe ways to mitigate its footprint
   
• List the diagnostic criteria of Susac syndrome
• Review the management of Susac syndrome
• Describe the ocular manifestations of beta thalassemia

Break Clots in Case of Emergency: Options for Treatment of Acute Retinal Ischemia
Bryce Aul, M.D.

It's Not Always Optic Neuritis
Deena Taifirouz, M.D.
Recorded 2.28.22

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• Differentiate between the American Academy of Ophthalmology and the American Heart Association recommendations regarding central retinal artery occlusion treatment
• Recognize the criteria for consideration of intravenous thrombolysis for central retinal artery occlusion treatment at Mayo Rochester
   
• Identify concepts related to clinical eye care
• Describe new knowledge to relevant clinical situations

• Recognize the different methods of and lenses used in the implantation of scleral-sutured intraocular lenses.
• Identify the complications associated with scleral-fixated intraocular lenses.
   
• Identify the presentation of an esthesioneuroblastoma in a patient.
• Recognize syndromic sequelae related to its presentation.

• Summarize the principles of management of Rhino-Orbital-Cerebral Mucormycosis (ROCM)
• Identify the association of COVID-19 illness with ROCM
   
• Describe the different types of therapy currently available for the treatment of non-exudative age-related macular degeneration
• Describe the pros and cons of some of the treatments currently undergoing investigation for non-exudative age-related macular degeneration
• Identify patients that may be candidates for upcoming treatments for non-exudative age-related macular degeneration

• Identify and diagnose the different corneal dystrophies
• Summarize and differentiate the different corneal dystrophies
• Propose a treatment plan for the more common corneal dystrophies
   
• Describe the features of sickle cell orbitopathy
• Identify the differential diagnosis of orbital complications of sickle cell disease
• Recommend appropriate workup and management of the orbital complications of sickle cell disease

• Recognize causes for papilledema in end stage renal disease
• Review the cerebrospinal fluid dynamics around the optic nerve
   
• Recognize common features of ocular adnexal mantle cell lymphoma
• Identify likely outcomes of patients treated for ocular adnexal mantle cell lymphoma

Anterior Chamber (AC) Tap
Melis Kabaalioglu Guner, M.D.

Interprofessional Electronic Consultations for the Diagnosis and Management of Neuro-Ophthalmic Conditions
Timothy Xu, M.D.
Recorded 1.17.22

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• Identify the clinical indications for anterior chamber (AC) tap
• Perform AC tap procedure safely and efficiently
   
• Describe the utilization of eConsults in the diagnosis and management of neuro-ophthalmic conditions.
• Identify pertinent testing prior to eConsults to maximize their value.

Regulation of Nuclear Epigenome by Mitochondrial DNA Heteroplasmy
Piotr Kopinskim M.D.

Floater Red Herrings
Jessica Kraker, M.D.
Recorded 1.10.22

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• Analyze the concept of heteroplasmy and its effect on phenotype severity.
• Define the relationship between mitochondrial genetics, metabolism, and nuclear histone modifications.
   
• Recognize paracentral acute middle maculopathy and acute macular neuroretinopathy
• Formulate a diagnostic workup for these conditions

• Summarize mobility strategies low vision patients use.
• Identify appropriate types of patients that will benefit from orientation and mobility.
• Utilize resources for your low vision patients on orientation and mobility.
   
• Summarize reliability of virtual oculoplastic evaluations compared to face-to-face visits.
• Describe challenges in the virtual oculoplastic exam.

• Evaluate a patient with dry eye symptoms
• Explain current approaches in treatment of dry eye disease
• Locate dry eye disease resources
• Identify signs and symptoms of orbital cellulitis and superior ophthalmic vein thrombosis
• Review relevant physical, laboratory, and diagnostic imaging findings to formulate a treatment plan
• Plan for appropriate consults that may be necessary for patient care

• Describe peri-papillary hyperreflective ovoid mass-like structures (PHOMS)
• Differentiate between PHOMS and optic disc drusen
• Discuss the various pathologies where PHOMS have been observed
   
• Summarize MRI and CT findings associated with papilledema and pseudopapilledema
• Describe mechanisms leading to pseudopapilledema
• Integrate clinical and imaging findings in evaluation and diagnosis of pseudopapilledema

• Identify features associated with low tension glaucoma
• Recognize the vascular hypothesis and how ocular perfusion pressure relates to low tension glaucoma
• Compare treatment options for low tension glaucoma
• Describe the mechanisms of MIGS
• Discuss the differential for hypotony after MIGS
• Identify surgical techniques to address hypotony after MIGS

• Assess Existing Quality Standards
• Apply Local Quality Standards
• Critique Alternative Options
• Recognized the clinical manifestations of VHL disease
• Describe the pathogenesis of the VHL disease
• Understand how treatment methods of retinal hemangioblastoma vary with size and location of tumor

• Assess and apply current evidence regarding intracameral antibiotic prophylaxis for post-phacoemulsification endophthalmitis
• Identify intracameral cefuroxime and moxifloxacin dosing, dilution, and resistance issues in 2021
• Identify the temporal trends of myopia and high myopia in Olmsted County
• Summarize gender and racial differences of myopia and high myopia in Olmsted County
• Contrast myopic trends in Olmsted County vs other longitudinal population-based studies

• Recall the major changes to the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity (ICROP) in 2021
• Summarize the main uses of optical coherence tomography in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) screening
• Recognize the importance and challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) for improved detection of ROP
• Identify patients with age-related macular degeneration that may receive updated spectacle correction
• Recognize the location of fluid within the retina that contributes most to refractive error shift when treated with anti-VEGF injections

• To understand the clinical significance of overlooking
• To review the diagnostic evaluation of Batten disease
• To consider the differential diagnosis of Batten disease
• Recognize the clinical and pathologic features of oculodermal melanocytosis and melanocytoma
• Review the clinical significance of oculodermal melanocytosis and melanocytoma
• Identify molecular alterations associated with ocular neoplasms